Communications Stoves and heating systems

Heating scheme of a 2-storey private house with and without a water pump

Autonomous heating systems, which are used in private houses, have undoubted advantages over centralized systems: they are controllable and economical. Only the owners of private houses can independently regulate the intensity of heating, connect additional circuits and install the type of radiators that they like. The heating scheme of a 2-storey private house must meet not only operational requirements, but also be trouble-free, economical, simple and durable.

Heating scheme of a private house

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1 Heating of cottages - types of systems and equipment requirements
2 Advantages and disadvantages of working schemes
3 Wiring types and calculation methods
- 3.1 Common concepts
- 3.2 Open and closed expansion tank circuits
4 How to choose the optimal scheme
5 Video: heating scheme of a two-story house warm floor + collector heating

Heating of cottages - types of systems and equipment requirements

The choice of the heating scheme is mainly influenced by the area of the heated rooms, that is, the total length of the pipeline. The main task of any heating system is uniform heating of premises along the entire length of the pipeline. If in small one-story houses organizing such a system is not a big deal, then in cottages with two levels to solve the same problem, you need to make serious calculations.

Any heating system consists of the main elements:

boiler or stoves that can run on any type of fuel;
pipeline;
radiators;
hydraulic equipment - pumps, cranes, sensors;
expansion tank.

Heating system elements

Video: heating scheme for a two-story house

Systems with circulation pump installation

Any heating scheme for a 2-storey private house must ensure constant circulation of the coolant through the system. At the same time, the efficiency and speed of heating the premises directly depends on the level of hydraulic pressure in the pipes. Obviously, the simplest solution to this problem is a circulation pump.

Pumping schemes are good in that with the help of a small and economical pump, a given pressure is provided in the system, and hot water will be delivered to any point in the circuit, regardless of its location. The power consumption of such a device is from 25 to 50 W per hour. Even with daily continuous work per month, the meter will wind no more than 40 kW, which does not significantly affect the consumption of the family budget. This circuit has a serious drawback - it does not work in the event of a power outage. Unfortunately, such situations are not uncommon in Russia, so in winter it is necessary to have at your disposal alternative power supplyso as not to be left without heat at all.

Circulation pump

Systems based on natural circulation

Knowing the basics of thermodynamics, you can develop such a heating scheme that a pump is not needed at all. This scheme is based on the ability of the heated liquid to rise upward. A boiler or stove located at the level of the first floor heats water, this water rushes upward, starting the process of movement of the coolant through a closed pipeline system.

In systems without circulation pumps, it is impossible to provide high pressure, because its level depends on the temperature of the liquid. For this reason, systems with natural circulation have their own characteristics:

in order to reduce resistance, the diameter of the pipes must be at least 32 mm, the same applies to the pipes of working radiators;
the maximum height of the water pipe through which hot water rises and enters the heating circuit should be no more than 6 meters, that is, systems with natural circulation can qualitatively heat no more than two floors;
the wiring diagram should be as simple as possible, but if the length of the pipes is large, it makes sense to make two circuits;
systems will not work without a pump warm floor, therefore its circuit must be connected separately.

Schematic diagram of natural circulation heating

Advantages and disadvantages of working schemes

Pumping systems have clear advantages in the form of continuous operation, guarantee of efficiency and ease of installation. The main disadvantage is the volatility of the equipment. Circuits with natural circulation can be called truly autonomous, but in this way it will be possible to heat a limited area, and the heating process will take much longer. The installation of such systems is a complex and painstaking business, the preliminary calculation must be performed very accurately.

There are various alternative schemes, including a combined one, when one of the circuits is supplied with a circulation pump. These are complex systems that are used in large-area houses, for residential two-storey house they are rarely advisable.

Boiler room in a private house

Wiring types and calculation methods

To calculate heating systems, many factors must be taken into account, including:

house area;
calculated values of air temperature inside and outside, required humidity;
materials from which the house is built and the quality of thermal insulation;
the number of windows and the intensity of natural sunlight.

In accordance with the specified parameters, according to the SNiP tables, you can calculate the required power boiler and the required system pressure.

Common concepts

For small houses of one or two floors, the simplest one-pipe schemes are suitable, which are easy to install and calculate, can work without a pump, but are considered the least effective.

The least efficient and simplest is the one-pipe scheme

An improved circuit - the so-called "Leningradka" - a system in which each radiator is connected in parallel, and control valves allow more efficient heat consumption and redirect hot water.

One-pipe regulated system - "Leningradka"

The principle of operation of a two-pipe system is that heated water is supplied to all radiators at the same time, and its temperature is the same at each inlet. The cooled water is discharged through the return pipe, which is also common.

The simplest two-pipe system

There are bottom and top feed schemes. In the first case, water, rising up the riser, first supplies the first floor, and then the second. With the upper system, the opposite is true: heated water rises through the common riser and then is fed to the radiators of the upper floors, cooled and returned back.

Bottom feed circuit diagram

Open and closed expansion tank circuits

The expansion tank in the heating system plays the role of a water level regulator, and also insures the system against pressure drops. The expansion tank is usually installed in the coldest place in the system - on the return pipe. It should be located in a heated room to prevent water from freezing in it in winter.

There are two types of cisterns - open and hermetically sealed. Open tanks are used in natural circulation systems, and closed diaphragm tanks are used only in systems with a pump. Read more about expansion tank for closed heating in a separate publication of our portal.

Sealed expansion tank

How to choose the optimal scheme

The heating scheme of a small 2-storey private house can be mounted in any of the above ways. The question of whether or not a circulation pump is used is fundamental. More details about the features of each heating scheme can be found in the video below.